The public health playbook for the World Cup

The world's largest soccer tournament has arrived in Texas, bringing thousands of international fans together to celebrate the FIFA World Cup. While players battle it out on the field, public health professionals are working behind the scenes to help keep visitors safe, healthy, and ready to enjoy the excitement as they cheer on their favorite teams.   
 
From packed stadiums to neighborhood watch parties, there's no shortage of fun for communities to connect and celebrate. At the same time, large gatherings and long days outdoors can present health challenges that fans may not anticipate. Fortunately, researchers have devised public health recommendations to help ensure a safe and memorable World Cup experience.  

 
Fueling the finish 

 
One of the most important ways to stay healthy is to stay hydrated. Spending hours outdoors in the Texas heat can increase the risk of dehydration and heat-related illness. Registered dietitians recommend drinking water regularly throughout the day, even before feeling thirsty, and limiting excessive consumption of sugary or alcoholic beverages.  
 
"Carry a reusable water bottle, take advantage of hydration stations when available, and include electrolyte-rich beverages if you're outdoors for long periods. A good rule of thumb is to take a few sips of water every 15–20 minutes and complete a full bottle every 1-2 hours outside," advised Dolores Woods, MA, RD, LD, director of the Nourish program at the School of Public Health.  
 
"Eating regular, balanced meals with lean proteins, fruits, and whole grains will help maintain your energy throughout the day. If you start feeling lightheaded, overly tired, or notice darker urine, those may be early signs you need to increase your fluid intake."   
 

Staying cool on the pitch  

Along with staying hydrated, protecting yourself from the sun and heat is critical. Fans, volunteers, and event workers should consider wearing sunscreen, a hat, and lightweight clothing whenever possible. Texas' humidity can make it harder for the body to cool itself, so researchers recommend using cooling towels, handheld fans, and frequent breaks in shaded areas to prevent heat-related illnesses. 
   
"Take frequent breaks in the shade, drink plenty of cold, nonalcoholic drinks to help cool your body core down, and getting plenty of rest can all help you from developing heat illness. This is especially true if you are traveling from cooler or less humid. You will need to give yourself 3 days to get acclimated to Houston," said Brett Perkison, MD, associate professor with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences.  

 
Protecting the next play  

Beyond heat-related concerns, large crowds can increase exposure risk to respiratory and viral illnesses. Whether attending matches, riding public transportation, or gathering indoors to watch games, fans can take simple steps to reduce their risk of getting sick. Washing hands frequently, covering coughs and sneezes, and staying home when feeling unwell can help protect both individuals and the broader community.  
 
"Wash your hands often with soap or use disinfectant hand gel if soap and water aren't available; you may want to wear a mask if your immune system isn't strong or for extra protection; and prevent mosquito bites by using an EPA-recommended insecticide," said Catherine Troisi, PhD, professor of epidemiology.  
 
Most importantly, listen to your body. If you begin to feel dizzy, overheated, or unwell, seek shade, cool down, and ask for assistance if needed. Early recognition of symptoms can prevent more serious health issues and help you return to enjoying the festivities safely. 
  
By staying hydrated, protecting yourself from the heat, and taking simple steps to prevent illness, you can score the next public health goal.